Religion 8-2

8-2 Google classroom code for Religion
zticeoe

Good Morning
3/31/2020
This assignment does not need to be submitted!  It will be checked upon our return to school.
Your assignment is on google classroom for Tuesday 3/31
Please be sure to copy the chapter 12 Notes
Please copy by hand into your notebook:

Religion Chapter 12 

In the Late Middle Ages, the Church faced many challenges that were brought on by the Renaissance.

The Church was in disarray.  Some of the clergy were poorly educated, and many lay Catholics had little knowledge of the truths of their faith. The poor were finding less and less support in the Church.  People at all levels were seeking a better relationship with God and the Church-away from the corruption of the Church.

People began to call for reform!!!!
Martin Luther was an Augustinian priest from Germany, who began doubting some of the doctrines of the Church.  He had trouble believing that a corrupt church could be much help in the salvation of souls.  He attacked the sale of indulgences, which he saw as an abuse of ecclesial power.  

Luther made a list of his displeasure with indulgences and other church-related issues in need of reform, called his Ninety-five Theses, and nailed them to the door of the church in the city of Wittenberg, Germany.

The Church was slow in responding to Luther’s concerns.  He and other reformers were asking for a general council to hear the matters of concern. The Pope refused thus sparking a protest against the Church. This began the Protestant Reformation-a great revolt against the Catholic Church.

1520, Pope Leo X excommunicated Martin Luther from the Church.

*Emperor Charles the V had the governing body of the Holy Roman Empire in the city of Worms, Germany, declare Luther an OUTLAW. THIS DID NOT STOP LUTHER!!!!  He continued the promotion of his reforms. Many people left the Catholic Church to follow Luther’s teachings-This new Christian community became known as Lutherans.

Many reformers began their own Churches in response to the abuses that they saw in the Catholic Church, as well as their reaction to some of the Church’s teachings with which they disagreed:

* Huldrych Zwingli-Swiss reformer who rejected the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist and replaced the Mass with a memorial service commemorating the Last Supper.

* Anabaptists or rebaptizers-rejected validity of infant baptism and baptized people as adults.  They rejected the authority of the Church and civil governments. They wanted to live their lives in their own isolated communities. 

*John Calvin- A French reformer who believed in predestination-a false doctrine that states that God chooses some people for heaven and some for hell, regardless of any efforts people make to live good lives on earth.

King Henry Vlll – was not a reformer.  He had been given the title “Defender of the Faith” for speaking out against Luther’s claim that only Baptism and Eucharist were valid sacraments. He had his marriage declared invalid by The Archbishop of Canterbury after the Pope refused to grant him an annulment because his wife could not bear him a son.

THE POPE EXCOMMUNICATED HENRY ----King responded by having the English Parliament name him supreme head of the Church of England.  Sir Thomas More did not approve of this move by the King as he was a devout Catholic.  He refused to recognize Henry as the supreme head of the Church of England and was executed by the king!!!!

Pope Paul III answered the reformers’ challenges by calling a general council in Trent, Italy.  This lasted for 18 years under the leadership of three popes! (Paul III, Julius III, Pius IV)

***Council of Trent focused on the need for reform within the Church and disproving Protestant beliefs**

Council called for the publication of a universal catechism, a summary of the Catholic faith, to guide the whole Church. Saint Charles Borromeo headed a papal commission to complete this task.

****The Council of Trent began a period in Church history known as the Counter-Reformation- The Church’s answer to dealing with the Protestant Reformation****

Know Voc:  indulgence
                  Counter-Reformation