SS Grade 8

Section1

R eturn to Normalcy

The 1920s- Democrats lose popularity

• mishandled peace treaty after the War.
• failing economy
• labor disputes(Violent strikes)

• Promised a return to normalcy.
• Supported Big Business
• Administration marked by Scandal:         

        1. Head of Veterans Bureau, Charles Forbes, convicted of accepting bribes(about 2 million)
        2. Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, Sold government land for a bribe of $400.000.  He was convicted and became the first Cabinet Officer to go to jail,(TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL)

1923- Warren Harding suffered a heart attack and died!
****HE WAS NEVER LINKED TO ANY OF THE CRIMES OF HIS ADMINISTRATION****
Vice President- Calvin Coolidge became the President.

Presidency of Calvin Coolidge

• The 1921- The United States and other nations tried to promote world peace and disarmament.Washington Naval Arms Conference of 1921: Resulted in a treaty limiting the navies of the United States, Britain, France, and Italy.
• 1928- Kellogg Briand Pact: an agreement that condemned military aggression and outlawed war!

• Little evidence of guilt presented at trial.  Both men were Italian foreigners and anarchists.
• Convicted in 1921
• Executed in 1927

Section 2 Chapter 22 Notes

Prohibition:

• Many reformers and temperance supporters wanted to ban alcoholic drinks.
• It was also seen as a way to preserve grain for the war.
• The 18th Amendment was passed, which prevented the making, selling, or transporting of alcohol.
• Total use of alcohol declined, but the amendment was hard to enforce and bootleggers found it easy to smuggle it across US borders.
• Speakeasies(illegal bars that opened during the Prohibition Era) became popular.
• Organized crime surged which led to the public wanting a repeal of the amendment.
•  21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment. (1933)

Changing Lives Of Women:

• The 19th Amendment let women vote in 1920, they joined political parties and held political offices. 
• Women were barred from professional schools and they could not serve a jury or hold their own money when married.
• -Flappers were women who rebelled against traditional ways.

• A New Mass Culture:

• The automobile industry boomed in the 1920s and prices were slashed, almost all families had an automobile.
• The Automobile became the symbol of individual freedom and independence and changed American life forever!
• The automobile or car brought many new businesses like gas stations, roadside restaurants, and cabins sprang up on the new highways.
• Radios became popular and almost every household had one
• Families would listen together as music played, the news was released, baseball games were played.
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• Movies were also very popular during this time, a family would go see at least once a week for very cheap.
•  Acting sensations such as Charlie Chapman brought waves of millions to the movies.(silent movies with captions and musical accompaniment)
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• Animated movies started in the 1920s (Steamboat Willie was a popular Disney Cartoon)

• Social Conflict:

• A high school biology teacher by the name of John Scopes taught the theory of evolution.
• A law in Tennessee said that evolution was not allowed to be taught because it went against the teachings of the Bible.
• This led to a trial that became a national sensation which led to Scopes losing his job.
• After WWI African Americans tried to get better jobs and neighborhoods.
• In the ’20s a large group of African Americans migrated to the North: The Great Migration which crowded cities up north.
• This led to racial tensions and sparked race riots in cities like Chicago
• Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican immigrant created the UNIA, which sponsored activities and supported black unity. 
• The KKK rose back up and hunted African Americans, other religions like Jews and Catholics, and various immigrant groups.